What is the focus of CALP in language learning?

The focus of CALP, or Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency, is on the mastery of academic language. This concept, introduced by Jim Cummins, refers to the type of language proficiency required to understand and engage with the academic content in a formal educational setting. CALP involves the ability to comprehend complex texts, engage in deeper discussions on subjects, and effectively use discipline-specific vocabulary, which is crucial for success in school and higher education.

In contrast, the other options pertain to less formal and more everyday language uses that do not typically require the same depth of understanding or critical thinking skills associated with academic contexts. Basic social interactions and everyday conversation skills are more aligned with Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills (BICS), which focus on social language rather than the academic language needed for formal learning environments. Similarly, playground language development speaks to informal communication among peers rather than the academic discourse found in classrooms. Understanding CALP is essential for educators, especially those working with English language learners, as it informs how to support students in developing the academic language necessary for their educational success.